# Working with JavaScript arrays

Here’s a reference type of post on modifying arrays with native JavaScript
methods.

## Adding to the end of arrays with .push()

Put anything into an array:

```js
let a = []
let b = {}

a.push(b)
console.log(a[0] === b) // true
```

Add more than one item at a time:

```js
let x = ['a']

x.push('b', 'c')
console.log(x) // ['a', 'b', 'c']
```

## Add to the beginning of array with .unshift()

Add items to the beginning of an array:

```js
let x = ['c', 'd']

x.unshift('a', 'b')
console.log(x) // ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
```

## Combine arrays with .push.apply() and .concat()

Add the contents of one array to another:

```js
let x = ['a', 'b', 'c']
let y = ['d', 'e', 'f']

x.push.apply(x, y)
console.log(x) // ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f']
console.log(y) // ['d', 'e', 'f']
```

Create a new array from two arrays:

```js
let x = ['a', 'b', 'c']
let y = ['d', 'e', 'f']

let z = x.concat(y)
console.log(x) // ['a', 'b', 'c']
console.log(y) // ['d', 'e', 'f']
console.log(z) // ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f']
```

## Splicing arrays with .splice()

Replace an arbitrary item in array with `splice()`. The 3 params of splice are:

1. Position
2. How many items to remove
3. What do add

```js
let a = [1, 2, 3, 4]

a.splice(2, 1, 'foo')
console.log(a) // [1, 2, "foo", 4]
```

Add an arbitrary node to array with `splice()`:

```js
let a = [1, 2, 3, 4]

a.splice(2, 0, 'foo')
console.log(a) // [1, 2, "foo", 3, 4]
```

## Removing nodes from an array

Remove the first item from an array:

```js
let a = [1, 2, 3, 4]
a.pop()

console.log(a) // [2, 3, 4]
```

Remove the last item from an array:

```js
let a = [1, 2, 3, 4]
a.shift()

console.log(a) // [2, 3, 4]
```

Remove an arbitrary element from array with `splice()`. If you skip the 3rd
parameter splice can be used to remove items:

```js
let a = [1, 2, 3, 4]
a.splice(1, 1)

console.log(a) // [1, 3, 4]
```

## Reverse an array with .reverse()

```js
let a = [1, 2, 3, 4]
a.reverse()

console.log(a) // [4, 3, 2, 1]
```

## Sorting arrays with .sort()

Sort an array alphabetically, this is the default behavior of
`Array.prototype.sort()`. For sorting by a separate preferred order, see
[sorting an array with another array](/sort-array-with-array):

```js
let a = ['d', 'j', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'g']
a.sort()

console.log(a) // ["a", "b", "c", "d", "g", "j"]
```

Sort array in reversed alphabetical order, sort it first then reverse:

```js
let a = ['d', 'j', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'g']
a.sort().reverse()

console.log(a) // [ "j", "g", "d", "c", "b", "a"]
```

Ascending numerical sort. If the below array `a` was sorted alphabetically, **10
would come second**, not last:

```js
let a = [5, 10, 7, 1, 3, 2]

a.sort((a, b) => {
  return a - b
})
console.log(a) // [ 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10]
```

Descending numerical sort, revert the `a` and `b`:

```js
let a = [5, 10, 7, 1, 3, 2]
a.sort((a, b) => {
  return b - a
})

console.log(a) // [10, 7, 5 ,3, 2, 1]
```

Sort by string length:

```js
let a = ['hi', 'hello', 'bonjour', 'moi', 'hola', 'hoi', 'moin']

a.sort((a, b) => {
  return a.length - b.length
})
console.log(a) // ["hi", "moi", "hoi", "hola", "moin", "hello", "bonjour"]
```